When it comes to restoring smile and dental functionality, dental implants offer an effective solution. However, within this category, there are different types that adapt to the individual needs of each patient. In this article, we will explore the various types of dental implants available on the market.
Types of dental implants according to their location
Endosteal implants:
Endosteal implants are the most common and are placed directly into the maxillary or mandibular bone. They are made of titanium or other biocompatible materials and are shaped like screws or cylinders. These implants fuse with the bone in a process called osseointegration, providing a solid foundation to support the dental prosthesis, such as a crown, bridge, or denture. Endosteal implants are ideal for most patients with sufficient bone thickness and height.
Subperiosteal implants:
Subperiosteal implants are placed beneath the periosteum, the outer layer of the maxillary or mandibular bone. These implants are designed for patients who have insufficient bone volume to support traditional endosteal implants. They are used in cases where the bone has significantly decreased and bone grafts are not possible. Subperiosteal implants are formed by a metal frame placed over the bone and covered with gingival tissue. Then, the dental prosthesis is attached to the metal frame. This type of implant may be a viable option for people with extensive bone loss.
Zygomatic implants:
Zygomatic implants are an option for patients who have experienced severe bone loss in the upper jaw and are not suitable candidates for traditional endosteal implants or bone grafts. Instead of being placed in the maxillary bone, zygomatic implants are inserted into the zygomatic bone, which is a bony structure in the cheek near the maxillary bone. This approach uses longer implants anchored in the zygomatic bone to provide a stable base for the dental prosthesis. Zygomatic implants may avoid the need for bone grafts and offer a long-term solution to restore function and aesthetics in patients with extreme bone loss in the upper jaw.
Types of dental implants according to loading
Immediate loading implants:
Immediate loading implants are those where the dental prosthesis (such as a crown or bridge) is placed immediately after implant placement in the bone. This means that the patient leaves the dental clinic with provisional or definitive teeth placed on the implants on the same day as surgery. This approach offers the advantage of almost instant aesthetic and functional restoration, which can be beneficial for patients seeking a quick and convenient solution. However, not all patients are candidates for immediate loading implants, as good oral and bone health, as well as proper primary implant stability, are required.
Delayed loading implants:
Delayed loading implants are those where a healing period is expected before placing the dental prosthesis on the implant. After implant placement in the bone, an osseointegration process occurs, during which the implant firmly fuses with the surrounding bone. Once osseointegration has been achieved, which usually takes several weeks to months, the dental prosthesis is placed on the implant. This approach allows for proper healing and solid integration of the implant with the bone, which may result in greater long-term stability. Delayed loading implants are more common in cases where additional time for healing is required, such as in patients with significant bone loss or medical conditions affecting healing.
Types of dental implants according to their shape
Screw-shaped Dental Implants
Screw-shaped dental implants, also known as endosteal implants, are the most common and widely used in dentistry. These implants are characterized by their screw-shaped design, which is surgically inserted into the maxillary or mandibular bone. This unique shape allows for greater stability and fixation within the bone, making them a preferred option for many patients and dental professionals.
Cylindrical-shaped Dental Implants
Cylindrical-shaped dental implants are another popular variant used in dental implant procedures. Unlike screw-shaped implants, these implants feature a more cylindrical or tubular design. This shape provides a smooth surface that facilitates integration with the surrounding bone. Cylindrical implants are especially suitable for cases where primary stability is crucial and can be an excellent option for patients with adequate bone density.
Laminated Dental Implants
Laminated dental implants are a less common but equally effective option in certain clinical cases. These implants are characterized by their thin and flat design, similar to a sheet. They are mainly used in areas where vertical and horizontal space is limited, such as the anterior region of the upper jaw. Laminated implants offer an aesthetic and functional solution for patients with specific dental restoration requirements.
FAQs
What is the main difference between endosteal and subperiosteal implants?
- The main difference lies in their location: endosteal implants are placed inside the bone, while subperiosteal implants are placed on the bone, underneath the gum tissue.
Who are zygomatic implants most suitable for?
- Zygomatic implants are ideal for patients with severe bone loss in the upper jaw, offering a stable solution even in cases of extreme bone resorption.
What is the advantage of immediate loading implants?
- The main advantage is the possibility of obtaining a quick and aesthetic dental restoration on the same day as surgery, without having to wait months to see results.
How long does the implant integration process take in delayed loading implants?
- The time may vary depending on the patient, but several months are usually needed for the implant to fully integrate with the bone before placing the dental prosthesis.
How can I determine which type of dental implant is most suitable for me?
- It is important to consult with a specialist in dental implantology, who will evaluate your individual case and recommend the most appropriate type of implant based on your specific needs and circumstances.
When choosing the right type of dental implant, it is important to consider several factors, such as the amount of available bone, overall oral health, and patient preferences. With options ranging from traditional endosteal implants to innovative zygomatic implants, patients have the opportunity to find a personalized solution that meets their specific needs and provides them with a renewed and functional smile.
